greater than 7
equal to 7
less than 7
pH value has nothing to do with basic solution
gamma iron (910° to 1400°C), Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Ni, Pb, Pt
Mg, Zn, Ti, Zr, Br, Cd
a iron (below 910°C and between 1400 to 1539°C), W
all of the above
purification of metal
grain refinement
working at lower temperature
ferrite and cementite
cementite and gamma iron
ferrite and austenite
ferrite and iron graphite