gamma iron (910° to 1400°C), Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Ni, Pb, Pt

Mg, Zn, Ti, Zr, Br, Cd

a iron (below 910°C and between 1400 to 1539°C), W

all of the above

purification of metal

grain refinement

working at lower temperature

all of the above

ferrite and cementite

cementite and gamma iron

ferrite and austenite

ferrite and iron graphite

ferrite and cementite

cementite and gamma iron

ferrite and austenite

ferrite and iron graphite

silver

gold

copper

germanium