1.2 d
1.6 d
2 d
2.5 d
nickel steel
chrome steel
nickel chrome steel
high speed steel
is less flexible
has a much smaller load carrying capacity
does not provide much warning before failure
provides much greater time for remedial action before failure
10
15
20
25
combined effect of transverse shear stress and bending stress in the wire
combined effect of bending stress and curvature of the wire
combined effect of transverse shear stress and curvature of wire
combined effect of torsional shear stress and transverse shear stress in the wire