nickel steel

chrome steel

nickel chrome steel

high speed steel

is less flexible

has a much smaller load carrying capacity

does not provide much warning before failure

provides much greater time for remedial action before failure

10

15

20

25

combined effect of transverse shear stress and bending stress in the wire

combined effect of bending stress and curvature of the wire

combined effect of transverse shear stress and curvature of wire

combined effect of torsional shear stress and transverse shear stress in the wire

maximum at the outer surface and minimum at the inner surface

maximum at the inner surface and minimum at the outer surface

maximum at the inner surface and zero at the outer surface

maximum at the outer surface and zero at the inner surface