there is no horizontal tie beam
there is a horizontal tie at the feet of rafters only
there is a horizontal tie at almost the middle of rafters only
there are two horizontal ties, one at the feet and other at the middle of the rafters
to support the frame work of the roof
to receive the ends of principal rafter
to prevent the walls from spreading outward
to prevent the tie beam from sagging at its centre
to support the common rafter
to support purlins
to prevent the purlins from tilting
all of the above
the underside of a stair
outer projecting edge of a tread
a sloping member which supports the steps in a stair
a vertical member between two treads
balusters
newal posts
balustrades
railings