Using hand as a guide

Using a guide clamp fitted to torch body

Step by step cutting circular segments

Manual rotation on the circumference of the circle

Incorrect flame setting

Wrong angle of blow pipe

Wrong angle of filler rod

Variation in speed of travel and angle

Carbon

Silicon

Manganese

Iron powder

1.60 mm

2.00 mm

2.50 mm

3.15 mm

Hardening

Tempering

Quenching

Normalising