Open circuit in the neutral line
Short circuit between conductors
High value series resistance fault
Open circuit in the earth conductor
Substations
Godown wiring
Domestic wiring
Commercial wiring
Earthing through impedance
Providing by plate earthing
Increasing conductor size
Providing parallel earthing
Converts A.C. into D.C
Reverses the polarity of D.C
Changes D.C. supply into A.C supply
Reverses the direction of rotation of the generator
Cost is less
More flexible
Less voltage drop
More insulation resistance