(S-I) +(T-G)+(X-Z)=0

(S-I) +(X-Z)=(T-G)

(S-I) +(T-G)=(X-Z)

(S-I) =(T-G)+(X-Z)

the difference between disposable personal income and household consumption.

total domestic spending by households, firms and governments on goods and services, both domestic and foreign.

the resources that firms set aside to replace used equipment and generally to strengthen their financial position

aggregate real savings

wealth.

money.

economic transactions.

physical output.

a decrease of real GDP by 4% and an increase of prices by 10%

an increase of real GDP by 9% and an increase of prices by 3%.

an increase of real GDP by 5% and a decrease of prices by 1%

a decrease in real GDP by 3% and an increase of prices by 3%

either the country’s exchange rate will depreciate or its monetary authorities will sell some of its foreign exchange reserves.

either the country’s exchange rate will appreciate or its monetary authorities will sell some of its foreign exchange reserves.

either the country’s exchange rate will depreciate or its monetary authorities increase its foreign exchange reserves.

either the country’s exchange rate will appreciate or its monetary authorities increase its foreign exchange reserves.