wealth.

money.

economic transactions.

physical output.

a decrease of real GDP by 4% and an increase of prices by 10%

an increase of real GDP by 9% and an increase of prices by 3%.

an increase of real GDP by 5% and a decrease of prices by 1%

a decrease in real GDP by 3% and an increase of prices by 3%

either the country’s exchange rate will depreciate or its monetary authorities will sell some of its foreign exchange reserves.

either the country’s exchange rate will appreciate or its monetary authorities will sell some of its foreign exchange reserves.

either the country’s exchange rate will depreciate or its monetary authorities increase its foreign exchange reserves.

either the country’s exchange rate will appreciate or its monetary authorities increase its foreign exchange reserves.

Government family allowances

Public unemployment insurance benefits

Dividends paid by corporations to stockholders

Disability pensions paid from the social insurance system

Imports

Government purchases

Taxes net of government transfers

Saving