by time study
from previous production records
from one′s judgement
all of the above
assembly industry
process industry
job order industry
mass production industry
optimum utilization of men, machines and materials
lowest possible cost and shortest possible time for project
timely execution of project
to produce best results under given constraints
break-even analysis
value analysis
linear programming
queing theory
Scanlon Plan
Rowan Plan
Bedaux Plan
Taylor Differential Piece Rate System