brass

mild steel

cast iron

wrought iron

adding carbon up to 2.8%

adding carbon up to 6.3%

adding carbon up to 0.83%

adding small quantities of copper

0.1 to 0.3%

0.3 to 0.6%

0.6 to 0.8%

0.8 to 1.5%

improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

refines grain size and produces les tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties

improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability

gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion property:

0.05%

0.15%

0.30%

0.50%