improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

refines grain size and produces les tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties

improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability

gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion property:

0.05%

0.15%

0.30%

0.50%

austenite

martensite

pearlite

cementite

contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in free state and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

is also known as chilled cast iron am is obtained by cooling rapidly. It i: almost unmachinable

is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machinec metal

is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroida form and is well dispersed throughout the material

high machinability

low melting point

high tensile strength

all of the above.