Work sampling is the statistical technique for determining the proportion of time spent by workers in various defined categories of activity.
Work sampling is used for determining allowances in time study

Standard time is equal to (Normal time) + (allowances).
The standard time is the time required by an average skilled operator, working at a normal pace, to perform a specified task using a prescribed method.

The determination of standard time in a complex job system is best done through Analysis of standard data system.

A systematic job improvement sequence will consist of Motion study Time study Job enrichment.