phase modulation

amplitude modulation

both (a) and (b)

none of these

used to transfer user data from layer to layer

used to exchange information by peer entities at different sites on the network to instruct an entity to perform a service function

a combination of service data unit (SDU) and protocol control information (PCI)

a temporary parameter passed between N and N - 1 layers to involve service functions between two layers

physical layer

data link layer

network layer

both (a) and (b)

M / (n x M) bytes

h x n x M bytes

(n x h) / M bytes

M / (n x m)

2216.8 sec

2816.8 sec

3216.8 sec

3416.8 sec