method of perpendicular offsets

method of oblique offsets

method of ties

all involve equal measurement on the ground

1 in 100

1 in 250

1 in 500

1 in 1000

always additive

always subtractive

always zero

sometimes additive and sometimes subtractive

measuring approximate horizontal angles

setting out right angles

measuring bearings of the lines

none of the above

is used at the time of standardising the tape

neutralizes the effect due to pull and sag

makes the correction due to sag equal to zero

makes the correction due to pull equal to zero