always additive

always subtractive

always zero

sometimes additive and sometimes subtractive

measuring approximate horizontal angles

setting out right angles

measuring bearings of the lines

none of the above

is used at the time of standardising the tape

neutralizes the effect due to pull and sag

makes the correction due to sag equal to zero

makes the correction due to pull equal to zero

line ranger

steel tape

optical square

cross staff

straightening the links

removing one or more small circular rings

closing the joints of the rings if opened out

all of the above