In gradual loading, the loading starts from zero and increases gradually till the body is fully loaded, while in sudden loading, the load is suddenly applied on the body. The ratio between the stress produced by gradually applied and suddenly applied load is 1/2.

An assembler converts assembly language into machine language.

An ordinary transformer works on A.C. only. It used to increase or decrease the voltage from a source. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Kanishka was the emperor of the Kushan dynasty in the second century. He was noted for his military, political and spiritual achievements. Kanishka dated 78 B.C. Ascended the throne, and this date was used as the beginning of the Saka calendar era.