Each letter in the word is moved three steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code.

frequency = 1 / clock period. clock period = 1 / frequency.
For example, if a CPU operates at 100 Hz, its "clock cycle" is 0.01 second = 10 ms;
if it operates at 100 MHz, its clock cycle is 0.000 000 01 second = 10 ns.

Active components have the ability to control electron flow. Resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, and diodes are passive devices. Active devices are vacuum tubes, transistors, rectifiers and TRIACs.

The Tropic of Cancer is a parallel of latitude on the Earth, 23.5 degrees north of the equator