Peak Instantaneous Voltage

Peak Inverse Voltage

Peak Inverse value

PIV do not apply to diodes

LED and a photo diode, used for isolation

LED and a signal diode, used for signal clamping

Transistor and LED, used for voltage amplification

Photo diode and Transistor, used for attenuation

Base width is increased

Doping of base is reduced

Power rating of the transistor is increased

Metal can packaging is used

Can be used to know whether two digital inputs are identical

Is a NOT followed by OR

Two OR gates followed by AND

Cannot be used for matching of two inputs

0xA5

0x56

0x74

0x66