44) Two closely coiled helical springs "A'" and "B" are equal in all respects but the diameter of wire of spring "A" is double that of spring "B". The stiffness of spring "B" will be _____ that of spring "A".

45) If the tearing efficiency of a riveted joint is 50%, then ratio of rivet hole diameter to the pitch of rivets is

46) LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) is an electro mechanical device which converts