Bend twist

Excessive lubrication

No lubrication

Over heat

Difference in dia measured from top to bottom of a crank shaft outer dia

Difference in dia measured thrust to non thrust across dia

Difference in dia measured only at top

Difference in dia measured only at bottom

Induction hardening

Case hardening

Surface hardening

Curve hardening

Difference in dia measured top to bottom

Difference in dia thrust to non thrust side of cylinder

Difference in dia measured only at top

Difference in dia measured only at bottom

Compression loss

Miss firing

Difficult starting

False valve timing