Providing double earthing

Reducing the pit depth for earthing

Increasing the length of the electrodes

Decreasing the length of the electrodes

Provide electrostatic shield

Protect the coils in the meter

Reduce the value of current in the meter

Avoid the effect of electrolytic emf interference

It is not having controlling Torque

Provided with air friction damping

The deflecting torque is directly proportional to the current

The deflecting torque is directly proportional to the square of the current

Current in current coil

Current in potential coil

Speed of the handle rotation

Ratio of the current in two coils

Self induction

Mutual induction

Fall of potential method

Fleming?s left hand rule