Back sight

Fore sight

Single sighting

Double sighting

Spine test

Plate level test

Collimation test

Bubble tube adjustment

Chain traversing

Compass traversing

Theodolite traversing

Plane table traversing

There is no check on summation of angles

Check both linear and angular measurement

Traverse are terminate at the same point

Mathematically closed and geometrically

Offset survey

Radial survey

Plotting a traverse survey

Bowditch s method