When photons are scattered from an atom or molecule, most photons are elastically scattered (Rayleigh scattering) , such that the scattered photons have the same energy (frequency and wavelength) as the incident photons. A small fraction of the scattered photons (approximately 1 in 10 million) are scattered by an excitation, with the scattered photons having a frequency different from, and usually lower than, that of the incident photons. In a gas, Raman scattering can occur with a change in energy of a molecule due to a transition (see energy level). Chemists are primarily concerned with the transitional Raman effect.

As far as I know mica is a dielectric which is not a conductor but transmits electric field due to which it is used in capacitors.

Carbon-14 dating is a way of determining the age of certain archeological artifacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old. It is used in dating things such as bone, cloth, wood and plant fibers that were created in the relatively recent past by human activities..Radio carbon dating is used to estimate the age of the fossils.

It is only angular momentum which has both direction and magnitude.