In a semiconductor crystal, if current flows due to breakage of crystal bonds, then the semiconductor is called intrinsic semiconductor

When n ?type of semiconductor is heated number of electrons and holes increases equally

ALPHA (?):?It is a large signal current gain in common base configuration. It is the ratio of collector current (output current) to the emitter current (input current).It is a current gain in CB amplifier and it indicates that the amount of emitter current reaching to collector. Its value is unity ideally and practically less than unity. Beta (?): It is a current gain factor in the common emitter configuration. It is the ration of collector current (output current) to base current (output current).

The output from a full wave rectifier is a pulsating unidirectional voltage