some cations move from their lattice site to interstitial sites.

equal number of cations and anions are missing from the lattice.

some lattice sites are occupied by electrons.

some impurity is present in the lattice.

positive

neutral

negative

depends on concentration of p impurity

2

1

3

5

6

8

10

12

(A) and (B)

(C) and (D)

(A) and (C)

(B) and (D)