10⁻⁴

10⁻⁵

10⁻³

10⁻⁸

NaCl

Na₂CO₃

NH₄Cl

NaHCO₃

10⁻⁴M [Ag⁺] and 10⁻⁴ [Cl⁻]

10⁻⁵M [Ag⁺] and 10⁻⁵ [Cl⁻]

10⁻⁶M [Ag⁺] and 10⁻⁶ [Cl⁻]

10⁻¹⁰M [Ag⁺] and 10⁻⁴ [Cl⁻]

H₂CO₃, Na⁺, OH⁻

H₂CO₃, OH⁻

CO₃²⁻ ion

Na⁺ and OH⁻ ions

To increase concentration of OH⁻

To decrease concentration of OH⁻

To make solution dilute

For pure precipitation