Both a and b are independent of metal

b depends on metal and a is independent of metal

Both a and b are metal dependent

a is metal dependent while b is not

e

e²

1 ⁄ e²

0

2.79 x 10⁷ cm⁄s

9.27 x 10²⁷ cm⁄s

7.29 x 10⁷ cm⁄s

92.7 x 10⁷ cm⁄s

n, α, p, e

e, p, n, α

n, p, e, α

n, p, α, e

3:04

3:08

9:16

8:09