54) After the fall of...., the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, into the hands of the fanatical Ottoman Turks, the trade routes lying within the Turkish empire, were closed to European traders.

55) The .....had fostered a spirit of inquiry that had revolutionized geographical ideas.

56) Prince Henry, commonly called Henry the navigator, was a great patron of navigation in

57) Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese navigator sailed around the cape up the east coast of Africa, across the Indian Ocean and landed at

58) After Prince Henry′s death .....crossed the Equator in 1472.