Opposed the practice of image worship.

Advocate the austerities preached by the Buddhist and Jains

Preached personal devotion of God as a means of salvation.

Stressed the rigidities of traditional rituals.

Ramanuja

Shankaracharya

Kapila

Madhwa

Kabir

Raskhan

Bihari

Surdas

Jain philosophy

Sufi philosophy

The Vedas

Buddhist philosophy

Ramanujacharya

Madhvacharya

Shankaracharya

Bhaskacharya