The incomes of different individuals

The incomes of different households

The incomes each household would need to maintain its present living standard if it comprised just one adult

The incomes each household would need to maintain its present living standard if it comprised just a married or cohabiting couple

Its original income is its income from earnings, investments and pensions other than State Pensions

Its gross income adds in transfers from the government

Its disposable income deducts taxes paid directly to the government

Its post-tax income deducts other taxes and adds in the value of government services received free of charge

Gross incomes are less unequal than original incomes

Final incomes are less unequal than disposable incomes

) A curve which plots a cumulative percentage of income against a cumulative percentage of households is called a Lorenz curve

If we compare the distribution of two incomes, the one with the lower Gini coefficient is the more unequal

A rise in the State Pension

A ceiling on the number of hours that people were allowed to work each week

A policy to encourage more low income households to buy shares in companies

An effective policy to reduce bankers’ bonuses

People living longer

A rise in the demand for unskilled labour

Lower occupational pensions in many jobs

A rise in unemployment