A longer patent period means that less knowledge will be available for use

The higher the cost of a patent application, the fewer patent applications will be made

ncreasing the cost of new knowledge through patent licensing will decrease the demand to use new knowledge.

Less than full-exploitation of new knowledge by potential users is the cost of increasing the incentive for inventors to produce new knowledge.

patents restrict access to new technologies to those nations that can afford the fees.

low human capital endowments lead to low rates of diffusion of technological innovations.

multinational corporations do not reinvest their profits from poor nations in the poor nations

all of the above.

An increase in the rate of saving (s) could lead to an increase in the rate of growth of output

Policies that would only lead to a one-time increase in the level of output could lead to a permanent increase in the rate of output growth.

The economy would not converge to a unique steady state capital to effective labour ratio.

The golden rule rate of saving would be zero.

A: non-rivalrous B: non-excludable

A: non-rivalrous B: excludable

A: rivalrous B: non-excludable

A: rivalrous B: excludable

cycles of economic expansion and contraction

variations in fertility across generations.

major innovations followed by imitation and further improvements

alternating historical periods of economies and diseconomies of scale.