Encourage imports

Encourage exports

Encourage both exports and imports

Discourage both exports and imports

Transfer payments by the enterprises

Transfer payments by the govt.

National income

Interest payments by house-holds

Deflationary conditions

Heavy industry bias

Shortage of raw materials

Inadequate productive capacity

Capital accumulation

Resource discovery

Population growth

Technological development

Always equal to personal income

Always more than personal income

Equal to personal income minus direct taxes paid by household

Equal to personal income minus indirect taxes