Kasmir

Nalanda

Vallabhi

Pataliputram

Pataliputram

Lumbini

Saranath

Rajgriha

Narmada

Tapati

Niranjan

Saraswati

An acetic, an old man

An old man, a very sick man, a corpse

An old man, a very sick man, a corpse, an acetic

A very sick man, an old man, a corpse, an acetic

World is full of sorrows and cause of sorrow is desire

Sorrows can be removed if desires are conquered

Following the Eight-Fold Path

All the above