combined loading

fatigue

thermal stresses

shock loading

decreasing the cross-section area of′ bar

increasing the cross-section area of bar

remain unaffected with cross-section area

would depend upon other factors

to decrease length

to increase length

unaffected by length

other factors would decide same

be independent of ratio of mass of load W to mass of bar (y)

increase with increase in y

decrease with decrease in y

depend on other considerations

determining brittleness

protecting metal against corrosion

protecting metal against wear and tear

experimental stress analysis