greater than 15°

greater than 8°

greater than 5°

less than 8°

0 to 4.5

10 to 100

80 to 200

250 to 300

radially, axially

axially, radially

axially, axially

radially, radially

inlet of draft rube

blade inlet

guide blade

penstock

smoothen flow

reduce acceleration to minimum

increase pump efficiency

save pump from cavitation