medium head application from 24 to 180 m

low head installation up to 30 m

high head installation above 180 m

all types of heads

increases with increase in pressure

decreases with increase in pressure

more or less remains constant with in-crease in pressure

unpredictable

at the level of tail race

little above the tail race

slightly below the tail race

about 2.5 m above the tail race to avoid cavitation

Impulse turbines

Reaction turbines

Axial flow turbines

Mixed flow turbines

low head

high head

high head and low discharge

low head and high discharge.