higher effectiveness of boiler

high calorific value coal being burnt

fouling of heat transfer surfaces

raising of steam temperature

smoky chimney exit

excess air in flue gases

measuring carbon mono-oxide in flue gases

measuring temperature of flue gases at exit of furnace

same

more

less

less or more depending on size of boiler

better burning

more calorific value

less radiation loss

medium sized units

200-400 kcal/kg

800-1200 kcal/kg

2000-4000 kcal/kg

5000-8000 kcal/kg