p = Txr

p = T/r

p = T/2r

p = 2T/r

cohesion pressure is negligible

cohesion pressure is decreased

cohesion pressure is increased

there is no cohesion pressure

2.4 m above the hydraulic gradient

6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient

10.0 m above the hydraulic gradient

5.0 above the hydraulic gradient

at the inlet

at the outlet

at the summit

ay nay point between inlet and outlet

less man the vapour pressure over the plane surface

equal to the vapour pressure over the plane surface

greater than the vapour pressure over the plane surface

zero