uniform throughout

increase uniformly

first increase and then decrease

increase uniformly first and then increase rapidly

longitudinal stress and longitudinal strain

volumetric stress and volumetric strain

lateral stress and lateral strain

shear stress and shear strain

doubled

halved

become four times

remain unaffected.

same

more

less

more or less depending on other factors

area at the time of fracture

original cross-sectional area

average of (a) and (b)

minimum area after fracture