%age of carbon

%age of alloying elements

heat treatment employed

shape of carbides and their distribution in iron.

brittle

hard

ductile

tough

contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in free state and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable

is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal

is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material

70% copper and 30% zinc

90% copper and 10% tin

85-92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel

70-75% copper and rest tin

F.C.C.

B.C.C.

H.C.P.

Orthorhombic crystalline structure