improve machinability

improve ductility

improve toughness

release stresses

electroplating

cyaniding

induction hardening

nitriding

cobalt

nickel

vanadium

iron

improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties

improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability

gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties

tensile strength

hardness

ductility

fluidity