aluminium in steel results in excessive grain growth

manganese in steel induces hardness

nickel and chromium in steel help in raising the elastic limit and improve the resilience and ductility

tungsten in steels improves magnetic properties and hardenability

providing corrosion resistance

improving machining properties

providing high strength at elevated temperatures

raising the elastic limit

sulphur, lead, phosphorous

silicon, aluminium, titanium

vanadium, aluminium

chromium, nickel

0.02%

0.30%

0.63%

0.80%

aluminium, copper etc.

nickel, molybdenum etc.

nickel, copper, etc.

all of the above