80% or more iron

50% or more iron

alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper

elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities

made by adding carbon in steel

refined from cast iron

an alloy of iron and carbon with varying quantities of phosphorus and sulphur

extensively used for making cutting tools

malleable iron

nodular iron

spheroidal iron

grey iron

which are destroyed by burning

which after their destruction are recycled to produce fresh steel

which are deoxidised in the ladle with silicon and aluminium

in which carbon is completely burnt

amount of carbon it contains

the shape and distribution of the car-bides in iron

method of fabrication

contents of alloying elements