A chill is an object used to promote solidification in a specific portion of a metal casting mold. The directional solidification in casting can be improved by using Chills and padding.

Permanent mold casting is a metal casting process that employs reusable molds , usually made from metal. The most common process uses gravity to fill the mold, however gas pressure or a vacuum are also used.

When the molten metal is fed in the cavity of a metallic mould by gravity, the method of casting is known as Permanent mould casting method.

In the centrifugal casting process, molten metal is poured into a preheated, spinning die. The die may be oriented either on a vertical or horizontal axis depending on the configuration of the desired part.