8) When the relation between the controlling force (F_c) and radius of rotation (r) for a spring controlled governor is F_c = ar + b, then the governor will be

9) The factor which affects the critical speed of a shaft is

10) The partial balancing of reciprocating parts in locomotives produces

11) The pair is known as a higher pair, when the relative motion between the elements of a pair is

12) When the connection between the two elements is such that only required kind of relative motion occurs, it is known as self-closed pair.