both ends hinged

both ends fixed

one end fixed and the other end hinged

one end fixed and the other end free

short columns

long columns

both short and long columns

weak columns

its length is very small

its cross-sectional area is small

the ratio of its length to the least radius of gyration is less than 80

the ratio of its length to the least radius of gyration is more than 80

short columns

long columns

both short and long columns

weak columns

solid section

hollow section

composite section

reinforced section