carbon tool steels

tungsten carbide tools

high speed steel tools

ceramic tools

adhesion of metals

oxidation of metals

diffusion of metals

all of these

increase in cutting temperature

weakening of tool

friction and cutting forces

all of these

cracking at the cutting edge due to thermal stresses

chipping of the cutting edge

plastic deformation of the cutting edge

all of these

nose part, front relief face and side relief face of the cutting tool

face of the cutting tool at a short distance from the cutting edge only

cutting edge only

front face only