To run the turbine full

To prevent air to enter the turbine

To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race

To transport water to downstream

In an impulse turbine, the water impinges on the buckets with pressure energy.

In a reaction turbine, the water guides over the moving vanes with kinetic energy.

In an impulse turbine, the pressure of the flowing water remains unchanged and is equal to atmospheric pressure.

In a reaction turbine, the pressure, the pressure of the flowing water increases after gliding over the vanes.

The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel

the water enters at the centre of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel

The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the centre of the wheel

the flow of water is partly radial and partly axial

The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel

The water enters at the centre of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel

the water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the centre of the wheel

The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial

Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine

Actual work available at the turbine to energy imparted to the wheel

work-done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine

none of the above