is needed by every installation

is never needed

varies in degree between installations

requires off-site computer for immediate use

text files

executable binary flies

both 1) text files and 2) executable binary flies

none of these

provide an easy way of finding groups of related files

are only used when printing the contents of files

can be used when writing a file

allow several files to be read simultaneously

nine

six

five

two

the number of records added or deleted from a file composed to the original number of records in that file

efficiency with which non-sequential files are processed

the extent where the records of the file are contiguous and in proximity to others

percentage of records that has changed in a given time period.